如何在混合嵌套的列表和字典中访问键值对？

Question

我想请您帮我解决一个问题，我需要从这种格式的数据中获取“category”、“question”、“correct answer”和“incorrect answer”的键值。我知道可以去掉“response code”和“results”，只处理列表中的嵌套字典，但我想尝试不修改原始数据的情况下操作。我知道需要用到一个循环。

以下是给定的示例数据：

question_data = {
    "response_code": 0,
    "results": [
        {
            "type": "multiple",
            "difficulty": "medium",
            "category": "Entertainment: Film",
            "question": "Sign of death.",
            "correct_answer": "Red Shirt",
            "incorrect_answers": ["Minions", "Expendables", "Cannon Fodder"]
        }
    ]
}

levik · Answer

你可以使用json模块解析该数据：

import pprint
import json

pp = pprint.PrettyPrinter(indent=4)

question_data = '''{
    "response_code": 0,
    "results": [
        {
            "type": "multiple",
            "difficulty": "medium",
            "category": "Entertainment: Film",
            "question": "Sign of death.",
            "correct_answer": "Red Shirt",
            "incorrect_answers": [
                "Minions",
                "Expendables",
                "Cannon Fodder"
            ]
        }
    ]
}'''

print("为了更好地查看数据结构：")
pp.pprint(question_data)

y = json.loads(question_data)
# print(y)

# 遍历字典的所有键值对
for k, v in y.items():
    print(f"键: {k} 值: {v}
")

##############################################
print("
值内容：")  # 使用列表推导式循环
##############################################

# 访问response_code
print("response_code:", [v for k, v in y.items() if k == "response_code"])

# 访问例如category（以及类似地，访问列表中其他项的值）
print("category:", [v for k, v in y['results'][0].items() if k == "category"])

# 访问incorrect_answers列表的第一个元素
print("incorrect_answers:", y['results'][0]['incorrect_answers'][0])

输出结果：

为了更好地查看数据结构：
{
    "response_code": 0,
    "results": [
        {
            "type": "multiple",
            "difficulty": "medium",
            "category": "Entertainment: Film",
            "question": "Sign of death.",
            "correct_answer": "Red Shirt",
            "incorrect_answers": [
                "Minions",
                "Expendables",
                "Cannon Fodder"
            ]
        }
    ]
}

键值对内容：
键: response_code 值: 0

键: results 值: [{'type': 'multiple', 'difficulty': 'medium', 'category': 'Entertainment: Film', 'question': 'Sign of death.', 'correct_answer': 'Red Shirt', 'incorrect_answers': ['Minions', 'Expendables', 'Cannon Fodder']}]

值内容：
response_code: [0]
category: ['Entertainment: Film']
incorrect_answers: Minions

Ben Gottlieb · Answer

通过 question_data["results"] 来访问 "results" 数据。
遍历其内容。
获取各个单独的元素。

可以使用如下代码实现：

# 遍历结果列表
for question in question_data["results"]:
    # 访问字典中的各属性
    category = question["category"]
    question_text = question["question"]
    correct_answer = question["correct_answer"]
    incorrect_answers = question["incorrect_answers"]
    
    print(f"类别：{category}")
    print(f"问题：{question_text}")
    print(f"正确答案：{correct_answer}")
    print(f"错误答案：{incorrect_answers}")

# 输出示例：
# 类别：Entertainment: Film
# 问题：Sign of death.
# 正确答案：Red Shirt
# 错误答案：['Minions', 'Expendables', 'Cannon Fodder']